Sandhi Shareera: An Integrative Approach to Ayurvedic and Modern Anatomy

Abstract

Sandhi Shareera is an important branch of Ayurvedic anatomy that deals with the study of joints and their structural and functional importance in the human body. The term Sandhi refers to the union or articulation between two or more body structures, mainly Asthi (bones). Proper functioning of Sandhi is essential for locomotion, stability, support, weight bearing, and maintenance of body posture. Ayurvedic classics have explained Sandhi with reference to its formation, classification, Panchabhoutikatwa composition, Tridosha involvement, and functional aspects. Acharya Sushruta enumerated 210 Sandhis in the body and classified them according to region, structure, and movement. Structures such as Snayu, Peshi, Sira, Dhamani, Shleshmadhara Kala, and Shleshaka Kapha contribute to the stability, nourishment, lubrication, and mobility of joints. Based on function, Sandhis are classified into Cheshtavantha and Sthira types, while structurally they are divided into eight varieties, namely Kora, Ulukhala, Samudga, Prathara, Tunnasevani, Vayasatunda, Mandala, and Shankavarta. Detailed knowledge of Sandhi Shareera is essential for understanding the normal anatomy and physiology of joints as well as the manifestation of Sandhi Vikara. In the present era, the prevalence of joint-related disorders has increased considerably, emphasizing the clinical importance of comprehensive knowledge of Sandhi Shareera in Ayurvedic practice.