Concept of Māṁsa Marma: Anatomical and Clinical Importance of Muscular Vital Points with Surgical and Prognostic Relevance

Abstract

    Marma are vital anatomical points described in classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly
Sushruta Samhita, where injury leads to significant morbidity or mortality. Among the 107 marma,
Māṁsa Marma are characterized by muscular predominance and clinical relevance in trauma, surgery,
and rehabilitation. Recent anatomical and neurophysiological studies suggest correlations with
myofascial trigger points and neurovascular bundles. Objective: To review classical descriptions of
Māṁsa Marma and correlate them with modern anatomy, clinical features, surgical relevance, and
prognostic outcomes. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical
Ayurvedic texts (Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and peer-reviewed articles from PubMed,
Scopus, and AYUSH-recognized journals. Results: Eleven Māṁsa Marma, mainly in extremities, were
identified at sites of dense musculature and neurovascular convergence. Injury results in pain, edema,
bleeding, and functional impairment. Surgical awareness reduces complications and improves outcomes.
Conclusion: Māṁsa Marma represent clinically significant anatomical entities. Integrating classical
knowledge with modern anatomy enhances patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness.